{"id":920,"date":"2020-05-27T10:00:41","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T10:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/erdemzengin.com.tr\/?p=920"},"modified":"2021-12-22T10:35:53","modified_gmt":"2021-12-22T10:35:53","slug":"diyafram-ayari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erdemzengin.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/05\/27\/diyafram-ayari\/","title":{"rendered":"Diyafram Ayar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Diyafram Nedir<\/strong>?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Foto\u011fraf makinelerinde objektif i\u00e7erisinde yer alan bir perdedir. \u0130nsan\u0131n g\u00f6z bebe\u011fini taklit eder. T\u0131pk\u0131 g\u00f6z bebe\u011fimiz gibi karanl\u0131kta a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, y\u00fcksek \u0131\u015f\u0131kta k\u0131s\u0131l\u0131r. Tan\u0131m olarak, duyarkat\u0131n (Film\/Sens\u00f6r) ne kadar \u0131\u015f\u0131k al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131na karar veren par\u00e7ad\u0131r.  F ile ifade edilir. F de\u011feri \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. Diyafram a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken rakam k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fcr, diyafram k\u0131s\u0131l\u0131rken rakam b\u00fcy\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Diyafram Stop (Durak) De\u011ferleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdem Zengin’in Udemy Platformu \u00fczerinden S\u0131f\u0131rdan Uygulamal\u0131 Foto\u011fraf Kursu hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi almak i\u00e7in TIKLAYIN<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Diyafram\u0131n Ayarlanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diyafram ayar\u0131 analog (filmli) makinelerde objektif \u00fczerinden, dijital makinelerde g\u00f6vde \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.  Dijital foto\u011fraf makinelerinin arka ekran\u0131ndan, varsa \u00fcst ekran\u0131ndan ve viz\u00f6r (baka\u00e7) ekran\u0131ndan diyafram de\u011feri okunur. G\u00f6vdede yer alan di\u015fli benzeri \u00e7arklar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ayarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diyafram\u0131n G\u00f6revleri ve Etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta temel olarak iki i\u015flevi – g\u00f6revi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Al\u0131nacak \u0131\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131na karar vermek.
2. Net Alan Derinli\u011fi (Arka Plan Netli\u011fi) miktar\u0131na karar vermek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. I\u015f\u0131k Miktar\u0131n\u0131 Ayarlamak<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diyafram, foto\u011fraf makinesinde bulunan perde (Shutter \u2013 Obt\u00fcrat\u00f6r) mekanizmas\u0131 ile ili\u015fikli \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Dijital makinelerdeki ISO ayar\u0131 ve perde h\u0131z\u0131 gibi kavramlar de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeden sadece diyafram a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p k\u0131s\u0131larak \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkisi g\u00f6zlemlenebilir. E\u011fer bir makine M modunda ISO manuel \u015fekilde enstantane (shutter speed) de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeden sadece diyafram a\u00e7\u0131p k\u0131s\u0131larak farkl\u0131 foto\u011fraflar \u00e7ekilirse diyafram\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkileri \u00e7ok iyi g\u00f6zlemlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Man\u00fcel Modda Enstantane, ISO gibi de\u011ferlerin sabit kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda diyafram\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00fczerinde etkisi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Net Alan Derinli\u011fini Ayarlamak<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Net Alan Derinli\u011fi<\/strong>: Foto\u011fraf makinesinin net olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alan\u0131n miktar\u0131d\u0131r. Foto\u011fraf makineleri objektifin odak uzunlu\u011fu, nesneler aras\u0131 mesafe ve diyafram a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belirli alanlar\u0131 net foto\u011fraflayabilir. Net foto\u011fraflanan alan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne net alan derinli\u011fi<\/strong> ismi verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto\u011fraf Makinesinin Net G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Aland\u0131r<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Net Alan Derinli\u011fini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in 3 de\u011fere hakim olmak gerekir. Bunlar; cisimler aras\u0131 mesafe ve makineye olan uzakl\u0131k, objektifin odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve diyafram de\u011feridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1. Odak uzunlu\u011funun diyafram \u00fczerindeki etkisi: <\/strong>Geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131 objektifler her \u015feyi net \u00e7ekme e\u011filimindedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile e\u011fer her \u015feyin net \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 isteniyorsa tercih edilmelidirler. \u015eayet arka plan\u0131n bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 isteniyorsa 50 mm ve \u00fczerinde odak uzakl\u0131klar\u0131 tercih edilmelidir. Odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a net alan derinli\u011fi azal\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 140 mm nin net alan derinli\u011fi 70 mm den \u00e7ok daha azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a net alan derinli\u011fi azal\u0131r (Ye\u015fil Alan Net Foto\u011fraflan\u0131r)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Nesneler aras\u0131 mesafenin etkisi: <\/strong>Objektife yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a net alan derinli\u011fi azal\u0131r. Yani netlik yap\u0131lan cisim objektife yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a arka plan\u0131 netle\u015ftirmek zorla\u015f\u0131r. \u015eayet arka plan net \u00e7\u0131ks\u0131n isteniyorsa  7 metreden uza\u011f\u0131 foto\u011fraflamak tavsiye edilir. \u015eayet arka plan bulan\u0131k isteniyorsa 5 metreden daha yak\u0131n \u00e7ekimler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Netlik Yap\u0131lan Nesnenin Makineye Olan Uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Ye\u015fil Alan Net Foto\u011fraflan\u0131r)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken ba\u015fka bir konu da cismin arkas\u0131nda bulan\u0131k veya net \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 istenen obje veya fonun cisme olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 2 metrede duran bir modelin foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7ekilirken modelin 5 metre arkas\u0131ndaki duvar bulan\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kar. Ama duvar modelin hemen arkas\u0131ndaysa modelle birlikte net alan derinli\u011fi alan\u0131na girerek net \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Diyafram a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkisi:<\/strong> Yukardaki etkenler olu\u015ftuktan sonra diyafram\u0131n etkisi daha belirgin hale gelir. Yani cisim ilk 5 metrede ve odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 50 mm nin \u00fczerindeyse a\u00e7\u0131k diyafram arka plan\u0131 bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. K\u0131s\u0131k diyafram arka plan\u0131 netle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Diyafram\u0131n Odak Uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Etkisi (Ye\u015fil Alan Net Foto\u011fraflan\u0131r)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
F2,8 de\u011ferinde foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7ekilen nesnenin tamam\u0131 net \u00e7\u0131kmayabilir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
F5,6 de\u011ferinde cismin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki ve arkas\u0131ndaki nesneler de netle\u015fmeye ba\u015flar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
F8 de\u011ferinde netlik iyice artar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
F16 de\u011ferinde \u00e7ok uzaktaki nesnelerde netle\u015fir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
F22 de\u011ferinde b\u00fct\u00fcn nesneler netle\u015fir. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Diyafram K\u0131s\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a Arka Plandaki Nesneler Netle\u015fir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Normal a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 objektifler i\u00e7in diyafram a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011finde netlik \u00fczerindeki etkileri olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak tele (dar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131) objektiflerde odak uzunlu\u011fu \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in net alan derinli\u011fi \u00e7ok dard\u0131r. Bu durum diyafram ile \u00e7ok fazla yenilemez. Ku\u015f vb gibi objeler foto\u011fraflan\u0131rken bu durum bir soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Ku\u015fun tamam\u0131 net \u00e7\u0131ks\u0131n diye F 7.1 \u2013 F 8 gibi diyafram de\u011ferleri tercih edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Diyafram hesaplan\u0131rken objektifin odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte hesapland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in rakam b\u00fcy\u00fckken diyafram k\u0131s\u0131k, rakam k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken diyafram a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fken odakl\u0131 objektiflerde diyafram\u0131n en a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu de\u011ferler \u00e7ifttir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
F de\u011feri ile objektifin boyu orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin 18-55 mm bir objektifin \u00fczerinde 1:3,5-5,6 de\u011feri yazar. Bu objektifte 18 mm de\u011ferinde F 3,5 de\u011ferine kadar \u0131\u015f\u0131k alan diyafram 55 mm de\u011ferinde en fazla F 5,6 de\u011ferinde \u0131\u015f\u0131k alabilecek demektir. Baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fken odakl\u0131 objektiflerde bu durum s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Bu durum bu objektiflerin sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zel teknoloji sayesinde kazan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 70 \u2013 200 mm de\u011fi\u015fken odakl\u0131 bir objektifin \u00fczerinde 1:2,8 yaz\u0131yorsa bu durumda bu objektif 70 mm de de 200 mm de de F 2,8 de\u011ferinde \u0131\u015f\u0131k alabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00d6zetle diyafram mekanizmas\u0131 foto\u011fraf\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda netli\u011fi ve keskinli\u011fi gibi konularda da i\u015fleve sahip olan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir mekanizmad\u0131r. Sevgiler, selamlar ve bol \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcnler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n